Dysfunctional T cell response can lead to abnormal immune function and the progression of immune-related pathologies. CTLA-4 receptors function as a negative regulator of T cell response by effectively suppressing activation, and it has been shown that mutations in CTLA-4 led to deleterious auto-immune effects. Two ligands, CD80 and CD86, both bind CTLA-4, but it is not fully understood how these ligands differ in their effect on CTLA-4. Sansom and colleagues recently showed that binding properties of these ligands to CTLA-4 resulted in distinct differences in CTLA-4 fate during transendocytosis which affected their ability to regulate autoimmunity...

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January 2023

Endothelial Notch Signaling Directly Regulates The Small GTPase RND1 To Facilitate Notch Suppression Of Endothelial Migration

December 2022

MYO10-Filopodia Support Basement Membranes At Pre-Invasive Tumor Boundaries

The process of new blood vessel growth from the existing vasculature known as angiogenesis occurs in both health and disease as a mechanism to supply surrounding tissue with the necessary exchange of nutrients and metabolites. One of the key components in sprouting angiogenesis is the proliferation, migration, and signaling changes that occur in endothelial cells.

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The transition from benign ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer (IBC) involves the escape of cells through a breach of the basement membrane (BM) that surrounds the DCIS. There has been significant progress in understanding how cancer cells penetrate through BMs, but less is known about how cancer cell progression itself impacts the BM.

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