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PD-1, also known as the programmed cell death protein 1, is an immune-inhibitory receptor expressed in activated T-cells. When this receptor comes into contact with its ligand, PD-L1, it induces apoptosis in T-cells and stimulates anti-inflammatory pathways.

While PD-1 plays a role in preventing autoimmunity, it can also inhibit important anti-tumor responses leading to cancer cell proliferation. PD-1 inhibition has been shown to be a successful therapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to its ability to restore T-cell anti-tumor mechanisms. Although there are currently 5 FDA-approved anti-PD-1 drugs, this treatment is not without disadvantages. A paper published by Su et. al, reported that anti-PD-1 drugs can result in increased inflammatory responses that affect the skin, liver, skeletal muscles, and even result in immune-related encephalitis. Understanding the extent of these side effects is imperative in order to limit patient discomfort during treatment. Click here to read the article.

Take-Away 

Anti-PD-1 treatment offers a promising solution when used in addition to chemotherapy, but the negative side-effects cannot be ignored. More research is needed on PD-1 and its role in immunity, as well as the long-term effects of its inhibition. 

CAT# UM800091 Sequential double staining of paraffin human lung using anti-b-Catenin  UM500015 (red) and anti-PD1 UM800091 (brown).	CAT#: RC210364 Coomassie blue staining of purified PDCD1 protein.	CAT#: RC210364L3V HEK293T cells were transduced with RC210364L3V particle to overexpress human PDCD1.